Genital reconstruction surgery usually refers to an operation to correct birth defects or malformations in the genital area caused by trauma or disease. This type of surgery can also be called intersex surgery, aimed at correcting defects in babies born with ambiguous external sexual organs. Sexual reassignment surgery represents another form of genital reconstructive surgery chosen by transgender or transgender individuals. Genital reconstructive surgery may be sought for aesthetic reasons, while other operations may allow normal sexual functioning.

Intersexual genital reconstructive surgery can be performed in infants, children or adults born with birth defects. In women, surgery can reduce the size of the clitoris, create an opening for menstruation and remove the testicles. Operations on boys can treat testicles that have not descended and open a path in the penis to urinate. These surgeries usually aim to make the genitalia appear normal in a child born with sexual organs that do not develop as strictly male or female.

Transsexual genital reconstructive surgery can transform the appearance of female sexual organs into males. Penile implants and the creation of a scrotum from tissue removed from another part of the body represent two common procedures. Saline or gel implants placed in the new scrotum commonly occur in female genital reconstructive surgeries for men. These operations may include creating a penis from tissue removed from the mouth or vagina. An implanted rod or pump device can allow for an erection if microsurgery successfully reconnects blood vessels and nerves.

Gender reconstructive surgery for men may include the use of part of the penis containing nerve endings to create a clitoris. This can allow a male to female transsexual retains the sensations and ability to achieve orgasm. Surgery may also include using penile tissue or scrotum to create a vagina. When this tissue is not adequate, part of the colon can be used to model a vagina. Transplanted tissue can also serve as internal and external vaginal lips.

Genital reconstructive surgery can also be sought for purely aesthetic reasons. Some men are born with the opening of urine at the bottom of the penis, or with a curve of the penis. Obese men may notice that their penises are not visible because they are surrounded by fat. Surgeries to correct these defects are usually performed by a plastic surgeon.

A woman may want an operation to tighten a stretched vagina during childbirth. Other reconstructive procedures can reduce the size of the pubic region, an operation called labiaplasty, when it causes an ugly lump through clothing. Excess fat can also be removed through liposuction.

Circumcision is a surgical operation that removes the foreskin, a skin that covers the glans penis. It is a term derived from Latin, which means to cut around. Circumcision surgery has been performed for over 5,000 years, much for religious reasons, such as Muslims and Jews.

What is circumcision surgery?

Circumcision surgery serves to remove the foreskin (the retractable skin that covers the glans, better known as the “head” of the penis). Its indication is due to the proven reduction in the incidence of urological diseases. This is because the intervention facilitates the hygiene of the male genitalia, preventing several pathologies.

When is the intervention indicated?

From a medical point of view, circumcision is indicated to correct phiosis (inability to retraction preputial and glans exposure) in young people and adults. This condition is considered a risk factor for:

• sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as trichomoniasis, HPV, HIV and genital herpes;
• urinary infections;
• some types of cancer.

In addition, the procedure is usually recommended to facilitate the cure of repeat infections. That’s because, it ends up with moisture on site and facilitates hygiene.

In children, phiosis is considered normal, resolving spontaneously until around five years of age. Before that, treatment is only necessary if there are complications, such as recurrent urinary infections, urination changes, among others.

How is the procedure performed?

Circumcision surgery is basically done to separate the foreskin from the glans. In practice, it removes loose skin that covers the “head” of the penis, so that it is exposed without difficulty.

Experts explain that this excess skin acts as a reservoir for microorganisms harmful to health. Its prolonged contact with the penile mucosa, in turn, facilitates access to the bloodstream, triggering a number of problems.

That said, let’s get the procedure done. There are two possible techniques: ring circumcision and postectomy.

In ring circumcision, the doctor places a plastic ring that disrupts blood circulation in the region, causing the death of the spare skin. Without irrigation, she falls on her own.

When this technique is used in babies, surgery is usually quick. It is performed in surgical centers with mild sedation and, in five or 10 minutes, is completed. In adults, the time required is approximately one hour, with a full recovery of up to one week.

Another possibility is the performance of the classic postectomy (not indicated for babies). In this case, the procedure is performed with local or general anesthesia. To perform it, the surgeon makes an incision in the foreskin and mucosa, removes excess skin and then rebuilds the region of the penile brake.

What are the benefits of circumcision?

The main benefits of circumcision are the reduction of the risks of developing urinary tract infections and the lower chance of acquiring STDs. And there’s more! Thanks to the procedure, the chances of developing penile cancer also decrease, as well as those of cervical cancer in the partner (cervical cancer – mainly caused by HPV).

Other advantages are the prevention of inflammations of the glans and also of the foreskin (balanitis and balanopostitis). In addition, the procedure serves as a treatment for parafimosis, a condition in which the skin does not return to its original position.

But, attention: these factors do not mean that uncircumcised men have no other alternatives to protect themselves against diseases and infections in the penis. It is worth remembering that good health conditions can also be obtained with proper hygiene and condom use.

What are the disadvantages of circumcision?

The risks involved in circumcision range from pain to the possibility of bleeding and infection in the operated region. In addition, problems such as irritation in the glans and inflammation in the opening leading to the urethra may occur. However, when correctly indicated and done in a referral clinic, by professionals prepared and in appropriate environments, the chances of complications are minimal.

Labiaplasty is a surgery done with the aim of reducing the size of the labia minora – the excess skin on each side of the vaginal opening. Some women consider labiaplasty because they do not like the appearance of their labia or because they cause them discomfort. This being an important decision should be weighed carefully. It is natural and normal for a woman to have skin folds visible around the vaginal opening, but in most cases, this should not cause problems.

Why choose the operation of shrinking the labia (labiaplasty)?

Labiaplasty, although it is very little discussed publicly, is one of the most searched procedures on Google.

This simple and easy operation very effectively solves the various problems that women have regarding the size and shape of the labia.

In general, patients choose this operation for the following reasons:

• aesthetic problems: size, distancing and length of the internal or external labia;
• problems during sexual intercourse: pain, swelling, discomfort and irritation;
• problems during physical exercise: pain, discomfort, irritation.

If you suffer from any of the problems described above, you can find out more details regarding the procedure of labiaplasty, during a prior consultation with Mr. Dr. Vishal.

Labiaplasty: why can the size of the labia be a problem?

Women who are concerned about the size of the labia is good to know that satisfied patients are those who have internal labia smaller than the external labia. This is considered the “normal” size.

The procedure of labiaplasty shrinks the excess of the labia, so that the internal labia no longer exceeds the external labia, resulting in a uniform, youthful appearance and that does not cause discomfort during physical activities or during intimate moments.

What are the results you can expect from labiaplasty?

Labiaplasty can have positive results for patients, most of them registering a noticeable increase in self-confidence, due to the youthful appearance of their labia, increased physical comfort due to the removal of an excessive part of the size of the labia, and an increase in sexual satisfaction resulting from a decrease in anxiety about the appearance of the labia.

What happens during labiaplasty surgery?

During the labiaplasty procedure

A labiaplasty can be performed using either a general anesthetic or a local anesthetic with sedation. The procedure involves shortening or reshaping the vaginal lips. Unwanted tissue is cut with the help of a scalpel or possibly a laser, and the unfixed edge can be sewn with fine, dissolvable stitches. The whole procedure takes about one to two hours. Some patients are able to go home on the same day.

After the labiaplasty procedure

You may have to take time off from work to recover. This recovery can take several months for the skin to heal completely.

During this time, you need to:

• Keep the area clean and free of infections;
• Wear loose underwear and clothes to prevent friction;
• Avoid having sex for several weeks;
• Use sanitary towels instead of tampons for a few weeks;

Your surgeon will give you more specific advice that you should also follow.

Risks that may occur after labiaplasty surgery

Surely after a labiaplasty you will feel pain, bruising and swelling felt up to two weeks. Urinating and sitting down during this time could probably be uncomfortable, although you take painkillers for this.

A labiaplasty can occasionally lead to:

• Bleeding;
• Infection;
• Scarring of tissue;
• Reduced sensitivity of the genitals.

Any type of operation also carries a small risk of:

• Development of a blood clot in a vein;
• Allergic reaction to anesthetic.

The surgeon should explain how perhaps these risks and complications of the labiaplasty procedure can occur and how they will be treated if they occurred. Occasionally, patients are not muttered by the result and want a second intervention. A labiaplasty should not be performed for girls younger than 18 years of age because their labia can continue to grow and develop beyond puberty, until early adulthood.

Vaginoplasty in Mumbai is a procedure which tightens the vaginal wall resulting in pleasurable sex life and a self-confidence boost.

The vaginal muscles of women who have given birth dilate during childbirth, resulting in an enlarged opening of the vaginal canal and weakened vaginal muscles. Also, through the natural aging process, vaginal muscles can weaken and dilate. This can create discomfort and even shame. Weakened vaginal muscles can also create sexual problems or even lead to lack of satisfaction for both partners. Although there are dedicated exercises to strengthen the vaginal muscles, they do not usually produce the desired results.

Vaginoplasty, or rejuvenation of the vagina, narrows an important portion of the vagina, making the entrance to the vagina narrower, as well as strengthening the vaginal areas that are deprived of muscles. Excessive vaginal tissue is removed, and the muscles are stretched. The result: more compact vaginal muscles, which can result in increased pleasure felt during sexual intercourse by you and your partner.

Why should you consider the vaginal rejuvenation procedure?

The reasons why you can decide for vaginoplasty in Mumbai are personal and specific to each person. Some of the most common reasons we have encountered in our practice are:

1. Enlargement of the vagina following childbirth. After childbirth, many women suffer from a widening of the vagina and want an operation to narrow the vagina that allows them to improve their sexual performance and confidence in the most intimate moments with their life partner.
2. An enlarged vaginal canal. As women get older, the vaginal canal becomes more lax, therefore the pleasure felt during sexual intercourse can also diminish in intensity and a woman may want to regain the pleasure she had previously during sexual intercourse, when she had a narrower vagina.
3. Loss of confidence during sexual intercourse: women who have lost confidence during sexual intercourse will consist that the operation to narrow the vagina will increase not only the sensation of pleasure felt during sexual intercourse, but also their self-confidence.
4. Kegel exercises have lost their effectiveness. While Kegel exercises are useful in certain cases, for new mothers, the vaginal canal in many cases becomes too wide to be able to be restored to the previous narrowness just by practicing these exercises. Vaginoplasty can be a solution in such cases.

Women who choose vaginoplasty in Mumbai usually have other symptoms, such as:

• loss of sensations and intensity of stimulation felt during sexual intercourse;
• a vaginal opening that is unsightly;
• problems with retention of internal buffers;
• problems with the retention of the partner inside the vagina during sexual intercourse;
• tissues that are visible in the vagina and create an unsightly appearance;

Is vaginoplasty the right operation for my situation?

Women who suffer from vaginal laxity and a widening of the vaginal walls, and who want a narrower vagina, are the perfect candidates for this procedure. Whether it is the result of pregnancy or age, if you want a narrower vagina Dr. Vishal can help you to get it.

If you decide for this procedure, it is important that you have good health and not be pregnant. If you have recently had a pregnancy, it is good that you wait a year before doing this operation.

This procedure may be right for you. if:

• you want to improve the aesthetics of your vagina;
• you want to regain confidence in yourself;
• you want to rejuvenate your intimate life.

What are other common reasons for vaginoplasty in Mumbai?

• aging;
• genetic inheritance;
• major fluctuations in weight;
• chronic cough or constipation problems;
• lifting of very large weights.

What are the results you can get through vaginoplasty surgery?

The best way to determine if the vaginoplasty surgery will give the results you hoped for is to establish a first consultation with Dr. Vishal. You will have the opportunity to clarify all your questions, as well as to get a qualified opinion about the objectives you are proposing.

During the consultation with Dr. Vishal:

• will review your file, medical, as well as the medication you are currently taking;
• discuss the details of the procedure and the types of procedure that lend themselves to your situation;
• will provide recommendations based on your needs and goals.

Dr. Vishal will listen to your needs, expectations and desired results, in order to choose the right option in your case. The operation is usually performed under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia. During the operation plastic surgeon in Mumbai will increase the tone of the vaginal muscles, strengthen the perineal muscle, removing any excess vaginal tissue. The procedure takes 1 – 2 hours and all scars will be internal. Vaginoplasty will help rejuvenate the vagina to its pre-pregnancy appearance.

Postoperative recovery process

In most cases, you will be able to go to your home after the operation, but it is important that you relax and rest. Dr. Vishal will check your progress. at regular intervals after the operation to ensure that your recovery will be successful. it goes according to plan and you will be able to enjoy the best possible results.

Following the operation, there will be swelling, bruising and pain. It is recommended to take painkillers for 4 to 5 days after the operation to alleviate symptoms.

Symptoms will fade in intensity over the next 2 to 4 weeks. It is recommended to apply local ice packs to reduce swelling.

Although you will be able to move in most cases a day after the operation, it is recommended to rest at home for a week. It is recommended to avoid physical exercise for 2 – 3 weeks. After 3 weeks you can resume light exercise, but it is recommended to avoid running or lifting demanding weights for 6 weeks after the operation. A period of 6 weeks of sexual abstinence is also recommended.

Once the recovery period has passed, the results are final after about 6 weeks. They can last for life, but of course with ageing the vagina will lose its firmness, but it will not return to its original state, before the operation.

Hymenoplasty in Mumbai is a procedure performed to restore the broken hymen. In many cultures, the hymen is a symbol of purity, and from a scientific point of view, this thin membrane has the role of protecting the vagina from infections.

Although this is a symbol of virginity, it can break for various reasons such as running, jumping or other sports activities. Also, some women are born without this membrane.

Hymenal restoration can be done in 2 ways. In the first case, if the hymen fragments still exist, then they can be sewn back. The second option involves the reconstruction of this membrane with its own vaginal tissue. With the reconstruction of the hymen, you can also resort to narrowing the vaginal walls. This procedure will repair the hymen, but you will experience bleeding and discomfort once it breaks again.

Hymenoplasty in Mumbai is a safe procedure, but it is very important to choose the right doctor. Since this procedure targets an intimate area of your body, the recommendation is to feel comfortable with your doctor. Dr. Vishal Patel has performed numerous hymenoplasties and has vast experience with this procedure.

What does the hymenoplasty procedure involve?

First you need an initial consultation to discuss with your doctor the procedure and your expectations from it. The best plastic surgeon in Mumbai will provide you with all the information you need, along with the pre-operative instructions that you need to take into account.

• Simple technique. If there are fragments of the hymen they can be sutured together. You will be given a local or general anesthetic to prevent pain and discomfort. The esthetician surgeon will sew the torn parts with threads that will absorb themselves. The procedure lasts between 30 – 40 minutes and there is no need for hospitalization for this.
• Alloplant technique. This is used when there are no membrane fragments. The surgeon will insert a biomaterial into the vagina, which will take the place of the membrane. This procedure takes up to 2 hours and local anesthesia is needed for this.
• Reconstruction of the hymen. With this technique the surgeon will reconstify the hymen using tissue from the walls of the vagina. This technique involves sexual abstinence at least 3 months before.

What are the main reasons why hymenoplasty in Mumbai may also be suitable in your case?

For the variety of existing reasons, the most common reasons why hymenoplasty is chosen are:

• Cultural and religious reasons: in certain social circles, an intact hymen is very important because it symbolizes the chastity of the respective women. A woman’s hymen is sensitive, however, and for various reasons it can break. This procedure helps to restore the hymen, thereby demonstrating the virginity and chastity of the person in question.
• Psychological reasons: If a woman has been sexually abused or forced to have sexual intercourse that she did not want, it is quite possible that the hymen broke. As a way of emotional and physical reunification, many women can choose this way that can symbolize a new beginning and overcoming this traumatic moment.
• Wounds of the hymen: For some women, an intact hymen that breaks during the first sexual intercourse is very important, unfortunately vigorous physical exercise and internal pads can break the hymen, and with the operation of hymenoplasty the hymen can be restored.
• Reinvirgination: If a woman begins a new sexual relationship and has previously been unvirginated, she can choose the restoration of the hymen.

Regardless of the reason you may have to request this operation, Dr. Vishal is at your disposal with a lot of discretion and professionalism to solve this problem.

Before resorting to this procedure, a gynecological consultation is needed to determine whether or not your hymen can be rebuilt.

Who is not eligible for hymenoplasty in Mumbai?

Women who have suffered from venereal diseases or who have genital cancer can not resort to this surgical procedure.

What can you expect from the procedure?

To determine if the hymenoplasty surgery is indicated in your situation, we recommend scheduling a consultation with Dr. Vishal in which to discuss in a confidential setting your situation. and the expectations you have for this procedure. Dr. Vishal will analyze your situation. the medical and the medications you are currently taking, will discuss the surgical procedure and give you specific recommendations in your case.

The procedure will be carried out under local anaesthesia and you will be able to move home immediately after its completion. During the procedure, Dr. Vishal will excise the torn edges of the hymen and sew them again together with the help of sutures that will later dissolve. After the completion of the procedure, there will be no scarring and the hymen will appear intact. Normally, at future sexual intercourse, the hymen will break again.

What are the side effects of hymenoplasty surgery?

Side effects include:

• Inflammation, pain and bruising post-operatively;
• Hematomas and bleeding;
• Discoloration of the hymen;
• Numbing the area.

These, however, are minor side effects, and the medical team will take care to avoid them and reduce your discomfort.

Post-operative recommendations

The patient will be kept under observation for a few hours after the hymenoplasty in Mumbai, and if no complications are reported, she will be able to go home. The patient must rest from work between 3-4 days. Moderate activities are recommended only after 10 days after surgery.

Dr Vishal Patel will recommend you to:

• Keep the area clean and will recommend antibiotics to prevent a possible infection;
• Apply warm compresses or ice bags to reduce pain and inflammation;
• Take a bath only after 2-3 days after the intervention;
• Take an 8-week sexual break.

The recovery lasts between 4 – 6 weeks.

The following protocols will have to be followed:

• sexual abstinence: any sexual activity will exacerbate the pain immediately after the operation, therefore a minimum of 6 weeks of sexual abstinence is recommended;
• avoid tight underwear: it is recommended to avoid thong panties for at least 1 -2 weeks from the date of surgery;
• avoiding internal tampons for at least 6 weeks.